Symbolic Narratives and the Role of Meaning: Encountering Technology in South African Primary Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23962/10539/21654Keywords:
educational informatics, information and communication technology (ICT), technology encounters, symbolic narrative, meaningful representations of technologyAbstract
This article draws on the results of a long-term, design-based research study with South African primary school teachers to discuss the role of subjectively assigned meanings and symbolisms of technology, as key factors affecting the adoption, appropriation and use of educational technology in urban poor and under-resourced environments. The paper examines how teachers’ engagements with technology are framed, conditioned, and embedded in multi-levelled "technology encounters". These encounters give rise to meaningful representations of technology that ultimately transform both the teaching and learning process, and culminate in the emergence of "symbolic narratives": complex assemblages of symbolisms, meanings and interpretations that arise through and therefore come to influence further technology engagements. We argue that a closer examination of teachers' symbolic narratives can shed light on the motivations that underpin the appropriation, integration -- or conversely, rejection -- of educational technology in urban poor and under-resourced environments.
References
Averweg, U. R., & Erwin, G. J. (2010). Context for ICT's role in South African development. In E. E. Adomi (Ed.), Frameworks for ICT policy: Government, social and legal issues (pp. 89-97). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-012-8.ch006
Bayne, S., & Ross, J. (2007). The 'digital native' and 'digital immigrant': A dangerous opposition. Paper presented to the Annual Conference of the Society for Research into Higher Education (SRHE), Brighton, UK, 11-13 December.
Bernard, H. R. (1998). Handbook of methods in cultural anthropology. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press.
Bijker, W. E., Hughes T. P., & Pinch, T. (Eds.) (2012). The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bladergroen, M., Chigona, W., Bytheway, A., Cox, S., Dumas, C., & Van Zyl, I. (2012). Ed- ucator discourses on ICT in education: A critical analysis. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 8(2), 107-119. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1084168.pdf
Bladergroen, M., Bytheway, A., Cantoni, L., Chigona, W., Pucciarelli, M., & Sabiescu, A. (2014). "I can't fall behind!" Aspirations, technology and becoming a teacher in South Africa. South African Computer Journal, 54, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.18489/sacj.v54i0.235
Brown, C., & Hart, M. (2012). Exploring higher education students' technological identities using critical discourse analysis. Information Systems Research and Exploring Social Artefacts: Approaches and Methodologies, 181. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2491-7.ch010
Callon, M. (2012). Society in the making: The study of technology as a tool for sociological analysis. In W. E. Bijker, T. P. Hughes, & T. Pinch (Eds.), The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology (pp. 77- 98). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cantrell, S., & Visser, L. (2011). Factors influencing the integration of technology to facilitate transfer of learning processes in South African, Western Cape Province schools. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 12(4), 275-285.
Case, A. (2007). The cell phone and its technosocial sites of engagement. Master's thesis, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR.
Castells, M. (2015). Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the Internet age (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Chigona, W., Bladergroen, M., Cox, S., Dumas, C., & Van Zyl, I. (2011). Educator discourses on ICT in education. Paper presented to E-Skilling for Equitable Prosperity and Global Competitiveness, East London, South Africa.
Department of Basic Education (DBE) & Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), South Africa. (2011). Integrated strategic planning framework for teacher education and development 2011-2015: Technical report. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/Y3uiFy
Du Toit, J. (2015). Teacher training and usage of ICT in education. New directions for the UIS global data collection in the post-2015 context. Background paper for ICT in Education Statistics. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/212eRfi
Engida, T. (2011). ICT-enhanced teacher development model. Addis Ababa: UNESCO-ICBA. Retrieved from http://www.iicba.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ICT-enhanced%20Teacher%20Development.pdf
Fanni, F., Tardini, S., Rega, I., Cantoni, L., & Van Zyl, I. (2010). Investigating perception changes in teachers attending ICT curricula through self-efficacy. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. https://doi.org/10.1145/2369220.2369229
Gudmundsdottir, G. B. (2010). When does ICT support education in South Africa? The importance of teachers' capabilities and the relevance of language. Information Tech- nology for Development, 16(3), 174-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2010.498409
Haraway, D. (1991). A cyborg manifesto: Science, technology, and socialist-feminism in the late twentieth century. In Simians, cyborgs and women: The reinvention of nature (pp. 149-181). New York: Routledge.
James, T. (Ed.). (2004). Networking institutions of learning - SchoolNet (Vol. 3). Ottawa: International Development Research Centre (IDRC).
Latour, B. (1992). Where are the missing masses? The sociology of a few mundane artifacts. In W. E Bijker & J. Law (Eds.), Shaping technology/building society: Studies in sociotechnical change (225-258). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.bruno-latour.fr/node/258. Updated chapter retrieved from http://www.bru-no-latour.fr/sites/default/files/50-MISSING-MASSES-GB.pdf
Leff, B., & Finucane, T. E. (2008). Gizmo idolatry. Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA), 299(15), 1830-1832. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.15.1830
Lievrouw, L. A., & Livingstone, S. (2006). Handbook of new media: Social shaping and social consequences of ICTs. London: Sage. Updated student edition (2010). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446211304
May, J., Waema, T. M., & Bjåstad, E. (2014). Introduction: The ICT/poverty nexus in Africa. In E. O. Adera, T. M. Waema & J. May (Eds.), ICT pathways to poverty reduction: Empirical evidence from East and Southern Africa (pp. 1-32). Ottawa: International Development Research Centre (IDRC). https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780448152.001
Michalski, M. P. (2014). Symbolic meanings and e-learning in the workplace: The case of an intranet-based training tool. Management Learning, 45(2), 145-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507612468419
Nickel, J. C. (2010). Seduced by a robot. BJU International, 105(5), 581-582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09219_1.x
Pick, J. B., & Sarkar, A. (2015). Digital divide in Africa. In The global digital divides (pp. 275- 310). Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46602-5_9
Pinch, T. J., & Bijker, W. E. (2012). The social construction of facts and artefacts: Or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other. In W. E. Bijker, T. P. Hughes, & T. Pinch (Eds.), The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology (pp. 11-44). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Prasad, P. (1993). Symbolic processes in the implementation of technological change: A symbolic interactionist study of work computerization. Academy of Management Journal, 36(6), 1400-1429. https://doi.org/10.2307/256817
Rapetti E., & Cantoni L. (2012). Reconsidering "Gen Y" & co: From minding the gap to overcoming it. In M. Paulsen & A. Szucs (Eds.), Open learning generations: Closing the gap from "Generation Y" to the mature lifelong learners. 2012 Eden Annual Conference, Porto, 6-9 June. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/materials/spe-cial/2013/Rapetti_Cantoni.htm
Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sabiescu, A., Van Zyl, I., Pucciarelli, M., Cantoni, L., Bytheway, A., Chigona, W., & Tardini, S. (2013). Changing mindsets: The attitude of pre-service teachers on technology for teaching. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and Development (ICTD '13): Notes - Volume 2 (pp. 136- 139), Cape Town, 7-10 December. New York: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2517899.2517927
Scholte, B. (1972). Toward a reflexive and critical anthropology. In D. H. Hymes (Ed.), Re- inventing anthropology (pp. 430-457). Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan University Press.
Suchman, L. (2007). Human-machine reconfigurations: Plans and situated actions. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808418
Thierer, A.D. (2013). Technopanics, threat inflation, and the danger of an information tech- nology precautionary principle. Minnesota Journal of Law, Science C Technology, 14(1), 12-19. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2012494
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). (2011). UNESCO ICT competency framework for teachers. Paris. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002134/213475e.pdf
Vandeyar, T. (2015). Policy intermediaries and the reform of e‐education in South Afri- ca. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(2), 344-359. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12130
Van Zyl, I. (2013). Technology encounters and the symbolic narrative: Localising the 'technology for development' experience in South African education settings. Doctoral dissertation, Università della Svizzera italiana, Switzerland. Retrieved from http://doc.rero.ch/record/208833/files/2013COM011.pdf
Weick, K. E. (1990). Technology as equivoque: Sense making in new technologies. In P. S. Goodman & L. S. Sproull, & Associates, Technology and organizations (pp. 1-44). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Wertsch, J. V. (1998). Mind as action. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
- Abstract 239
- pdf 605